A Three-Layer Full Adder/Subtractor Structure in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Nowadays, quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is one of the paramount modern technologies for designing logical structures at the nano-scale. This technology is being used in molecular levels and it is based on QCA cells. High speed data transfer and low consumable power are the advantages of this technology. In this paper, we are designing and simulating a fulladder/subtractor with minimum number of cells and complexities in three layers. QCA designer software has been used to simulate the proposed design.     

A population biological model with a singular nonlinearity

We consider the existence of positive solutions of the singular nonlinear semipositone problem of the form $\left\{ \begin{gathered} - div(|x|^{ - \alpha p} |\nabla u|^{p - 2} \nabla u) = |x|^{ - (\alpha + 1)p + \beta } \left( {au^{p - 1} - f(u) - \frac{c} {{u^\gamma }}} \right),x \in \Omega , \hfill \\ u = 0,x \in \partial \Omega , \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right. $ where Ω is a bounded smooth domain of ? ^N with 0 ∈ Ω, 1 < p < N, 0 ? α < (N ? p)/p, γ ∈ (0, 1), and a, β, c and λ are positive parameters. Here f: [0,∞) → ? is a continuous function. This model arises in the studies of population biology of one species with u representing the concentration of the species. We discuss the existence of a positive solution when f satisfies certain additional conditions. We use the method of sub-supersolutions to establish our results.     

Hub-and-spoke network design and fleet deployment for string planning of liner shipping

All shipping liner companies divide their service regions into several rotations (strings) in order to operate their container vessels. A string is the ordered set of ports at which a container vessel will call. Each port is usually called at no more than twice along one string, although a single port may be called at several times on different strings. The size of string dictates the number of vessels required to offer a given frequency of service. In order to better use their shipping capacity, groups of Liner Service Providers sometimes make a short term agreement to merge some of their service routes (in a certain region) into one main ocean going rotation and p feeder rotations. In order to minimize the weighted sum of transit time, and fixed deployment costs, this paper proposes a mixed integer linear programming model of the network design, and an allocation of proper capacity size and frequency setting for every rotation. Given that none of the existing general-purpose MIP solvers is able to solve even very small problem instances in a reasonable time, we propose a Lagrangian decomposition approach which uses a heuristic procedure and is capable of obtaining practical and high quality solutions in reasonable times. The model will be applied on a real example, and we shall present some of the results obtained by our model which show how it facilitates a better use of assets and a significant reduction in the use of fuel, therefore allowing a more environmentally friendly service.     

Synthesis of novel indolo[2,3-c]quinolinones via Ugi-4CR/palladium-catalyzed arylation

In this letter, an expedient method was developed for the construction of novel indolo[2,3-c]quinolinone derivatives via palladium-catalyzed arylation of Ugi adducts obtained from the reaction of indole-2-carboxylic acid, various aromatic aldehydes, 2-bromoanilines, and isocyanides. The reaction proceeded efficiently with various starting materials to produce the indoloquinolinone scaffolds in good yields.     

Analysis of coupling in the semi-cylindrical surface plasmonic couplers

In this paper, we have investigated the performance of a nano-optical directional coupler based on gap plasmon waveguides. The coupler consists of two waveguides having a localized coupled plasmon propagating between two semi-cylindrical surfaces. It is clear that the wave number and correspondingly light confinement in the waveguides are the most effective parameters in coupling strength and coupling length. Some expected and unexpected dependencies of the coupling length on the structure parameters are shown. Simulation results of the coupler obtained by the compact-2D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method comply with those derived by an analytic method with the aid of the finite-element frequency-domain (FEFD) software package of COMSOL. The considered structures, because of their small coupling length and dimensions are appropriate for use in optical integrated circuits.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized 1,3-Dienes in Water

An efficient synthesis of functionalized 1,3‐dienes via one‐pot reactions between dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates?, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and secondary amines in ?water as the solvent is described. The mild reaction condition high yields and the ?new products are advantages of our method.     

On a class of singular p-Laplacian semipositone problems with sign-changing weights

We study existence of positive weak solution for a class of $p$-Laplacian problem $$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}-\Delta_{p}u = \lambda g(x)[f(u)-\frac{1}{u^{\alpha}}], &amp; x\in \Omega,\\u= 0 , &amp; x\in\partial \Omega,\end{array\right.$$ where $\lambda$ is a positive parameter and $\alpha\in(0,1),$ $\Omega $ is a bounded domain in $ R^{N}$ for $(N &gt; 1)$ with smooth boundary, $\Delta_{p}u = div (|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)$ is the p-Laplacian operator for $( p &gt; 2),$ $g(x)$ is $C^{1}$ sign-changing function such that maybe negative near the boundary and be positive in the interior and $f$ is $C^{1}$ nondecreasing function $\lim_{s\to\infty}\frac{f(s)}{s^{p-1}}=0.$ We discuss the existence of positive weak solution when $f$ and $g$ satisfy certain additional conditions. We use the method of sub-supersolution to establish our result.     

“On-water” one-pot four-component synthesis of novel 1H-furo[2,3-c]pyrazole-4-amine derivatives

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A catalyst-free, simple and green protocol has been accomplished for the synthesis of novel 1H-furo[2,3-c]pyrazole-4-amines in a one-pot four-component domino...     

Purity in the category of S-posets

In this paper, purity of S-posets over a pomonoid S is investigated. We first study some basic properties of absolutely po-pure S-posets. Among other results, it is proved that every regular injective S-poset is absolutely po-pure, and every absolutely po-pure inequationally compact S-poset is regular injective. Then, using the notion of semi-finitely presented S-poset based on the finitely induced S-poset congruence, we find an equivalent condition for an S-poset to be 1-po-pure in a regular extension. Finally, a characterization of an absolutely 1-po-pure S-poset is presented.